Tariffs and trade

This bill revises Chapter 22 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to provide a uniform rate of duty for all whiskies.

Undertaking Negotiations on Investment and Trade for Economic Dynamism Act or the UNITED Act

This bill grants certain authorities to the President for entering into a comprehensive trade agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom (UK).

Specifically, the bill directs the President to seek to initiate negotiations with the UK regarding tariff and nontariff barriers affecting any industry, product, or service sector.

The bill authorizes the President to enter into a comprehensive trade agreement with the UK, with such authority expiring on March 1, 2029. Further, the President may proclaim a modification or continuance of any existing duty or a continuance of existing excise or duty-free treatment to carry out an agreement, with certain limitations.

The bill also requires the President to consult with and notify Congress regarding the intention of the President to enter into an agreement or make a proclamation.

Save America’s Valuable Energy Act or the SAVE Act

This bill directs the Department of Energy to prohibit the sale of petroleum products (e.g., crude oil) from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve to entities headquartered in Russia, Belarus, Burma, China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, or Venezuela.

Safe and Affordable Drugs from Canada Act of 2025

This bill requires the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to allow for the personal importation of prescription drugs from Canada in certain instances.

Such a drug must (1) be purchased from an approved Canadian pharmacy and dispensed by a pharmacist licensed in Canada; (2) be purchased by an individual for personal use only and in quantities not to exceed a 90-day supply; (3) be filled using a valid prescription from a physician licensed in a U.S. state; and (4) have the same active ingredients, route of administration, dosage form, and strength as an FDA-approved drug. Certain types of drugs may not be imported under this program, such as controlled substances, biological products, or intravenously injected drugs.

An approved pharmacy under this program must be located and licensed in Canada and meet additional requirements, such as participation in ongoing and comprehensive quality assurance programs.

The FDA must publish a list of approved Canadian pharmacies on its website.

This joint resolution terminates the national emergency that was declared by President Donald J. Trump in an executive order on July 30, 2025, that also imposed an additional 40% tariff on certain imports from Brazil based on the emergency declaration. (The executive order exempted certain products, such as civil aircraft and parts, wood pulp, precious metals, energy and energy products, and fertilizers, from this additional tariff.)

Haiti Economic Lift Program Extension Act of 2025

This bill extends through FY2035 the special duty-free rules for various apparel products imported from Haiti, including the duty-free treatment provided for a limited amount (referred to as tariff preference levels) of certain apparel products assembled in and imported from Haiti.

The bill directs the President to proclaim such modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) that may be necessary to restore preferential treatment to articles that became ineligible for such treatment due to prior revisions to the HTS.

Fairness in Fentanyl Sentencing Act of 2025

This bill modifies the drug quantity thresholds that trigger a mandatory minimum prison term for a defendant who manufactures, distributes, imports, exports, or possesses with intent to distribute fentanyl.

Specifically, the bill reduces from 400 to 20 grams the fentanyl quantity and from 100 to 5 grams the fentanyl analogue quantity that trigger a mandatory minimum prison term for high-level first-time or repeat offenders. It also reduces from 40 to 2 grams the fentanyl quantity and from 10 to 0.5 grams the fentanyl analogue quantity that trigger a mandatory minimum prison term for low-level first-time or repeat offenders.

Additionally, the bill directs the U.S. Postal Service to increase the availability of chemical screening devices and dedicate the appropriate number of personnel to interdict fentanyl and other substances that are unlawfully imported into the United States.

Stop Russian Market Manipulation Act

This bill prohibits the importation of specified minerals from Russia.

Specifically, the bill prohibits the importation of platinum, palladium, braggite, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, cooper, or zinc if the mineral is (1) produced in Russia or by a Russian entity; or (2) determined to have been exchanged with, swapped for, or otherwise obtained in lieu of such a mineral in a manner designed to evade or circumvent this prohibition. The President may not waive this prohibition.

The prohibition shall continue to apply until one year after the President certifies to Congress that the Russian government has ended all hostilities against Ukraine. If the Russian government resumes hostilities against Ukraine within three years of a certification, then the prohibition shall resume effect.

U.S. Citrus Protection Act

This bill prohibits importing commercially produced fresh citrus fruit originating in China.

Second Amendment Guarantee Act or the SAGA Act

This bill prohibits a state or local government from establishing a regulation, prohibition, or registration or licensing requirement with respect to a rifle or shotgun that is more restrictive (or that imposes a greater penalty or tax) than federal law.

Protect Our Clothes from PFAS Act

This bill revises requirements for a garment to be considered water resistant under the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS). The HTS sets out the tariff rates and statistical categories for all merchandise imported into the United States.

Currently, garments that are classified under specified subheadings under chapter 62 of the HTS (e.g., water resistant trousers) must have a water resistance such that, under a head pressure of 600 millimeters, not more than 1.0 gram of water penetrates after two minutes when tested in accordance with a specified test method. Further, the water resistance must be the result of a rubber or plastics application to the outer shell, lining, or inner lining. This bill removes the requirement that the water resistance must be the result of a rubber or plastics application to the outer shell, lining, or inner lining.

Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes on Imported Goods Act of 2025

This bill prohibits the President from exercising authorities under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose or increase duties or impose tariff-rate quotas on imports entering the United States. However, this limitation does not prohibit the President from excluding all articles, or all of a certain type of article, imported from a country from entering the United States. (IEEPA provides the President with broad authority to regulate various economic transactions following a declaration of a national emergency.)

Import Security and Fairness Act

This bill excludes imported articles from nonmarket economy countries or countries on the Priority Watch List from receiving de minimis treatment. (Current law allows for imports under a de minimis threshold to enter the United States free of tariffs and taxes with minimal inspection. In 2016, Congress raised this threshold from $200 to $800.)

Under current law, a nonmarket economy country is any foreign country that the Department of Commerce determines does not operate on market principles of cost or pricing structures, so that sales of merchandise in such country do not reflect the fair value of the merchandise. There are currently 12 countries (e.g., China and Russia) that Commerce has designated as nonmarket economy countries. This bill prohibits imports from receiving de minimis treatment if those imports are from nonmarket economy countries.

Additionally, under current law, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative must annually review and report on foreign countries that deny adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights or deny fair and equitable market access to U.S. persons who rely on intellectual property protection. There are currently seven counties (e.g., Argentina and Indonesia) on this list, known as the Priority Watch List. This bill prohibits imports from receiving de minimis treatment if those imports are from countries on the Priority Watch List.

The bill also directs U.S. Customs and Border Protection to collect additional information on merchandise that may qualify for de minimis treatment and establishes requirements related to detained merchandise.

This bill requires the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to conduct an economic review of the potential economic effects of modifications to tariffs before their implementation. Specifically, the bill prohibits a modification to any tariff or other duty on imports from taking effect until CBO publishes on a publicly available website an economic review of the expected economic impact of the modification.

Toll of Tariffs Act of 2025

This bill requires the U.S. International Trade Commission to study and report to Congress on the inflationary impact of the tariffs imposed by executive orders issued during the period beginning on or after January 20, 2025, and ending on the date of the bill's enactment.

No Tariffs on Groceries Act

This bill requires the President to receive congressional approval in order to impose duties (i.e., tariffs) on certain articles of food imported into the United States. The bill defines articles of food as (1) articles used for food or drink for man or other animals; (2) articles used for components of any articles used for food or drink for man or other animals; and (3) seeds, fertilizers, manures, and agrochemicals.

Specifically, the President may impose duties on these articles of food only if (1) the President submits to Congress a request to impose the duties, and (2) the request is subsequently and specifically approved by an act of Congress.

The bill provides an exception to this requirement for existing tariff-rate quotas on articles of food.