Government shutdowns and spending

Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2027

This bill provides FY2027 appropriations for the legislative branch, including the House of Representatives and joint items such as

• the Joint Economic Committee,

• the Joint Committee on Taxation,

• the Office of the Attending Physician, and

• the Office of Congressional Accessibility Services.

In addition, the bill provides FY2027 appropriations for

• the Capitol Police;

• the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights;

• the Congressional Budget Office;

• the Architect of the Capitol;

• the Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service and the Copyright Office;

• the Government Publishing Office;

• the Government Accountability Office;

• the Congressional Office for International Leadership Fund; and

• the John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development.

(Pursuant to the longstanding practice of each chamber of Congress determining its own requirements, funds for the Senate are not included in the House bill.)

The bill also sets forth requirements and restrictions for using funds provided by this bill.

One Bill, One Subject Transparency Act

This bill prohibits any bill or joint resolution from addressing more than one subject and establishes related enforcement mechanisms.

The bill requires bills and joint resolutions to address only one subject, which must be clearly and descriptively expressed in the bill or joint resolution's title. Appropriations bills may only contain provisions that are germane to the subject matter of the underlying bill. However, appropriations bills may limit the expenditure of appropriated funds.

The bill voids

• any act (i.e., law) or joint resolution with a title that addresses two or more unrelated subjects;

• any provision of an act or joint resolution concerning a subject that is not clearly and descriptively expressed in the title;

• any provision of an appropriations act that contains general legislation or change of existing law provision not germane to the subject matter of the underlying bill;

• any provision of an appropriations act that addresses a subject outside of the jurisdiction of the relevant subcommittee of the Committees on Appropriations of the House and of the Senate.

The bill also authorizes any person aggrieved by the enforcement or threat of enforcement of an act enacted after this bill that does not comply with the requirements of this bill to sue the United States.

Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2026

This bill provides FY2026 appropriations for the legislative branch, including the Senate and joint items such as

• the Joint Economic Committee,

• the Joint Committee on Taxation,

• the Office of the Attending Physician, and

• the Office of Congressional Accessibility Services.

In addition, the bill provides FY2026 appropriations for

• the Capitol Police;

• the Office of Congressional Workplace Rights;

• the Congressional Budget Office;

• the Architect of the Capitol;

• the Library of Congress, including the Congressional Research Service and the Copyright Office;

• the Government Publishing Office;

• the Government Accountability Office;

• the Congressional Office for International Leadership Fund; and

• the John C. Stennis Center for Public Service Training and Development.

(Pursuant to the longstanding practice of each chamber of Congress determining its own requirements, funds for the House are not included in the Senate bill.)

The bill also sets forth requirements and restrictions for using funds provided by this bill.

Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2026

This bill provides FY2026 appropriations for several federal departments and agencies, including

• the Department of the Treasury,

• the Executive Office of the President,

• the judiciary,

• the District of Columbia, and

• several independent agencies.

The independent agencies funded in the bill include

• the Administrative Conference of the United States,

• the Commodity Futures Trading Commission,

• the Consumer Product Safety Commission,

• the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency,

• the Election Assistance Commission,

• the Federal Communications Commission,

• the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,

• the Federal Election Commission,

• the Federal Labor Relations Authority,

• the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council,

• the Federal Trade Commission,

• the General Services Administration,

• the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation,

• the Merit Systems Protection Board,

• the Morris K. Udall and Stewart L. Udall Foundation,

• the National Archives and Records Administration,

• the National Credit Union Administration,

• the Office of Government Ethics,

• the Office of Personnel Management,

• the Office of Special Counsel,

• the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board,

• the Public Buildings Reform Board,

• the Securities and Exchange Commission,

• the Selective Service System,

• the Small Business Administration,

• the U.S. Postal Service, and

• the U.S. Tax Court.

The bill also sets forth requirements and restrictions for using funds provided by this and other appropriations acts.

Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2026

This bill provides FY2026 appropriations for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works projects, the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Energy (DOE), and several independent agencies.

The bill provides appropriations for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works projects, including for

• Investigations;

• Planning, Engineering, and Design;

• Construction;

• Mississippi River and Tributaries;

• Operation and Maintenance;

• the Regulatory Program;

• the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program;

• Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies;

• Expenses;

• the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Civil Works; and

• the Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Program.

The bill provides appropriations to the Department of the Interior for the Central Utah Project and the Bureau of Reclamation.

The bill provides appropriations to DOE for energy programs, including

• Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy;

• Manufacturing and Energy Supply Chains;

• Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response;

• Electricity;

• Grid Deployment;

• Nuclear Energy;

• Fossil Energy;

• Energy Projects;

• Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves;

• the Strategic Petroleum Reserve;

• the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve;

• the Energy Information Administration;

• Non-Defense Environmental Cleanup;

• the Uranium Enrichment Decontamination and Decommissioning Fund;

• Science;

• Nuclear Waste Disposal;

• Technology Coordination and Commercialization;

• the Advanced Research Projects Agency—Energy;

• the Title 17 Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program;

• the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program;

• the Tribal Energy Loan Guarantee Program;

• Indian Energy Policy and Programs;

• Departmental Administration; and

• the Office of the Inspector General.

The bill also provides appropriations to DOE for

• Atomic Energy Defense Activities of the National Nuclear Security Administration,

• Environmental and Other Defense Activities, and

• the Power Marketing Administrations.

The bill provides appropriations to several independent agencies, including the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

The bill also sets forth requirements and restrictions for using funds provided by this and other appropriations acts.

Government Shutdown Prevention Act of 2025

This bill provides continuing appropriations to prevent a government shutdown if an appropriations bill for a fiscal year has not been enacted before the fiscal year begins and continuing appropriations are not in effect.

For an initial 90-day period, the bill provides continuing appropriations at 94% of the rate for the preceding year to continue programs, projects, and activities for which funds were provided in the preceding fiscal year. The bill reduces the continuing appropriations by 1% after the first 90-day period and by an additional 1% for each subsequent 90-day period until the applicable appropriations legislation is enacted.

One Subject at a Time Act

This bill requires each bill or joint resolution to include no more than one subject and the subject to be clearly and descriptively expressed in the measure's title.

Further, an appropriations bill may not contain any general legislation or change to existing law that is not germane to the subject of such bill.

The bill voids an entire law or joint resolution that has a title which addresses two or more unrelated subjects. For noncompliant provisions of a law or joint resolution, the bill voids the specific noncompliant provisions. For example, this includes appropriation provisions that are outside of the relevant subcommittee's jurisdiction.

Additionally, a person (individual or entity) who is aggrieved by the enforcement, or the attempted enforcement, of a law that passed without complying with this bill's requirements may sue the United States for appropriate relief.

This joint resolution proposes constitutional amendments that (1) authorize the President to reduce or disapprove any appropriation in a bill or joint resolution using a line-item veto; (2) prohibit Members of Congress from serving more than six terms in the House of Representatives or two terms in the Senate; and (3) prohibit a chamber of Congress from agreeing to legislation that imposes, authorizes, or raises any tax or fee unless the legislation contains no other subject and is agreed to by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the chamber.

This joint resolution proposes a constitutional amendment that requires Members of Congress to forfeit their compensation during a government shutdown.

Specifically, the amendment provides that Members of Congress must forfeit (and may not receive) any compensation for their services during any period in which there is a lapse in appropriations as a result of a failure to enact regular or continuing appropriations for one or more federal agencies or departments (i.e., government shutdown).

Any funds that are forfeited under the amendment must be transferred to the Treasury and used to reduce the federal debt.